Polycystic Ovary Syndrome

Also referred to as PCOS, polycystic ovary syndrome is one of the more common endocrine system diseases, affecting between 7% to 10% of women aged 15 to 45. PCOS is a condition associated with symptoms of infrequent or irregular menstruation, male hormone excess symptoms like hirsutism (increased and unwanted hair growth) and acne and difficulty to conceive. Patients with PCOS can also have multiple egg-containing cysts on the ovaries. They are higher risk for metabolic complications like diabetes and hypertension.

 

Symptoms

  • Menstrual disturbances and elevated levels of male hormones (androgens).
  • Acne.
  • Excess hair growth on the body (hirsutism), and male pattern hair loss.
  • Obesity and weight gain.
  • Elevated insulin levels and insulin resistance.
  • Oily skin
  • Infertility
  • Skin discolorations
  • High cholesterol levels
  • Elevated blood pressure
  • Multiple, small cysts in the ovaries.

 

Consequences

Polycystic Ovary Syndrome affects several body systems, putting women at increased risk for problems such as diabetes, heart disease, and certain kinds of cancer. The first signs of the disorder often present themselves at puberty with irregular or absent menstrual cycles.

Other obvious signs include acne, abnormal facial and bodily hair growth, and thinning of hair on the scalp. While thin women can have polycystic ovary syndrome, weight gain is more likely. Some women with PCOS also suffer from depression, most likely because of their symptoms. Because women with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome ovulate (release an egg monthly) infrequently, they often have difficulty getting pregnant when desired and are often diagnosed when they cannot conceive

 

Treatment

If you suspect you have Polycystic Ovary Syndrome you will want to see your doctor. A doctor will take your medical history, perform a physical exam, and check your hormone and glucose levels. She or he may also schedule an ultrasound to look at your ovaries. Other disorders such as those that affect the adrenal or thyroid glands may mimic Polycystic Ovary Syndrome. For this reason, a careful evaluation of your individual case history and laboratory tests are essential for an accurate diagnosis. A specialist familiar with this syndrome, such as an endocrinologist who focuses on reproductive endocrinology, is best qualified for diagnosis and treatment of Polycystic Ovary Syndrome.

While there is still no cure for Polycystic Ovary Syndrome, many effective treatment options are available. Together with changes in diet and exercise, these treatments are empowering women with PCOS to lead healthier and more satisfying lives. Even the problem of infertility can often be corrected and conception can occur.